This is a selected biography of this complex international conflict – sometimes known as the War of the Three Kingdoms. But it was much more than a war – it was a battle for the hearts and minds of the people that lived and worked in these three very different kingdoms. It began with a king who believed that his authority to rule was God-given and beyond any reproach or criticism. As head of his own church (the Episcopalian Church of England) he tried to impose this church on all three kingdoms when it was not even the dominant religion in England.
Along the way, we see a series of emergency coinages that reflect the varying fortunes of the main protagonists. These coins are amongst the rarest of our numismatic heritage and were a by-product of this complex religious, social, political, economic and military conflict.
This is a story that reflects a series of events that led from:
- rule by an absolute monarch to the violent overthrow of the king
- invasion by a republican government that destroyed the Old Gaelic feudal system
- the death of 20% of the population of Ireland
- followed by the forced removal of 75% of the remainder
- rule by a military dictatorship across all three former kingdoms
- collapse of the republican experiment and restoration of the monarchy
- rule by a reformed, modern constitutional monarchy (albeit one that quickly collapsed due to the threat of Catholicism)
The biographies are written by learned third parties – much more qualified to do so than I. As such, it is a selection of what I could find online and it will be expanded as new sources of bibliographical information become available. As well as individuals, groups of people representing various political and religious factions of the 17th C are also included.
A
- Adamites
- Alured, John
- Agitators
- Anabaptists & Baptists
- Arminians
- Astley, Sir Jacob
- Aston, Sir Arthur
- Ayscue, Sir George
- Axtell, Daniel
B
- Baillie, Robert
- Baillie, William
- Balfour, Sir William
- Baptists
- Bard, Sir Henry
- Barkstead, John
- Batten, Sir William
- Belasyse, John, Lord
- Berry, James
- Bertie, Robert, Earl of Lindsey
- Birch, John
- Blagrave, Daniel
- Blake, Robert
- Blakiston, John
- Booth, Sir George
- Borlase, Sir John
- Boteler, William
- Bourchier, Sir John
- Boyle, Roger, Lord Broghill
- Bradshaw, John
- Brereton, Sir William
- Browne, Sir Richard
- Burke, Ulick, Marquis of Clanricarde
- Butler, James, Marquis of Ormond
- Butler, Richard, Viscount Mountgarrett
- Byron, Sir John, Lord
C
- Campbell, Archibald, Marquis of Argyll
- Campbell, John, Earl of Loudoun
- Capel, Arthur, Lord
- Carew, John
- Cary, Lucius, Viscount Falkland
- Cavendish, William, Marquis of Newcastle
- Cawley, WIlliam
- Chaloner, Thomas
- Charles I, King
- Charles II, King
- Clement, Gregory
- Compton, Spencer, Earl of Northampton
- Constable, Sir William
- Cook, John
- Cooper, Anthony Ashley
- Coote, Sir Charles, 1st Baronet
- Coote, Sir Charles, Earl of Mountrath
- Coppe, Abiezer
- Corbet, Miles
- Covenanters
- Crawford, Lawrence
- Cromwell, Henry
- Cromwell, Oliver
- Cromwell, Oliver (The Irish Campaign)
- Cromwell, Oliver (The Cromwell Association)
- Cromwell, Richard
D
- Danvers, Sir John
- Darcy, Patrick
- Deane, Richard
- Depositions of 1641, The
- Devereux, Robert, Earl of Essex
- Digby, George, Lord
- Diggers
- Dillon, Thomas, 4th Viscount Dillon
- Disbrowe, John
- Dixwell, John
- Dorislaus, Isaac
- Dormer, Robert, Earl of Carnarvon
- Down Survey of Ireland, The
- Downes, John
- Downing, Sir George
E
F
G
- Gage, Sir Henry
- Garland, Augustine
- Gell, Sir John
- Gerard, Charles
- Glamorgan, Earl of
- Goffe, William
- Gordon, George, Marquis of Huntly
- Goring, George, Lord
- Graham, James, Marquis of Montrose
- Grenville, Sir Bevil
- Grenville, Sir John
- Grenville, Sir Richard
- Greville, Robert, Viscount Brooke
- Grey, Henry, Earl of Stamford
- Grey of Groby, Lord Thomas
- Gindletonians
H
- Hamilton, James, Duke of
- Hamilton, William, Duke of
- Hampden, John
- Harrison, Thomas
- Haynes, Hezekiah
- Henderson, Alexander
- Henrietta Maria, Queen
- Hesilrige, Sir Arthur
- Heveningham, William
- Hewson, John
- Holles, Denzil, 1st Baron
- Hopton, Sir Ralph, Lord
- Horton, Thomas
- Hotham, Sir John
- Hotham, Captain John
- Howard, Charles
- Hurry, Sir John
- Hutchinson, John
- Hyde, Sir Edward, Earl of Clarendon
I
J
K
L
- Lambert, John
- Langdale, Sir Marmaduke
- Laud, Archbishop
- Laugharne, Rowland
- Lawson, John
- Leslie, Alexander, Earl of Leven
- Leslie, David
- Leslie, John, Earl of Rothes
- Levellers
- Lilburne, John
- Lilburne, Robert
- Lindsay, Ludovic, Earl of Crawford
- Lisle, Sir George
- Lisle, John
- Livesey, Sir Michael
- Livingston, James. Earl of Callendar
- Lockhart, Sir William
- Love, Christopher
- Love, Nicholas
- Lucas, Sir Charles
- Ludlow, Edmund
- Lunsford, Sir Thomas
M
- MacCarthy, Donough, Viscount Muskerry
- MacColla, Alasdair
- MacDonnel, Randal, Marquis of Antrim
- MacMahon, Hugh Og
- Maguire, Lord Conor, 2nd Baron of Enniskillen
- Maitland, John, Earl of Lauderdale
- Marten, Henry
- Massie, Sir Edward
- Mauleverer, Sir Thomas
- Maurice, Prince
- Mayne, Simon
- Meldrum, Sir John
- Middleton, John
- Mildmay, Sir Henry
- Millington, Gilbert
- Milton, John
- Monck, George
- Monro, Robert
- Monson, William, Viscount
- Montagu, Edward, Earl of Manchester
- Montagu, Edward, Earl of Sandwich
- Moore, John
- Mordaunt, John
- Morgan, Sir Thomas
- Muggletonians
- Myddelton, Sir Thomas
N
O
- O’Brien, Murrough, Earl of Inchiquin
- Okey, John
- O’More, Rory
- O’Neill, Owen Roe
- O’Neill, Sir Phelim
- Overton, Richard
- Overton, Robert
P
- Packer, William
- Parsons, Sir William
- Paulet, John, Marquis of WInchester
- Pelham, Peregrine
- Penington, Isaac
- Penn, William
- Peter, Hugh
- Petty, Sir William
- Plunkett, Sir Nicholas
- Potter, Vincent
- Poyer, John
- Poyntz, Sydenham
- Presbyterians
- Preston, Thomas
- Pride, Thomas
- Purefoy, William
- Puritans
- Prynne, William
- Pym, John
Q
R
- Rainsborough, Thomas
- Ranters
- Rawdon, Sir Marmaduke
- Regicides Index
- Remonstrants
- Reynolds, Sir John
- Rich, Henry, Earl of Holland
- Rich, Robert, Earl of Warwick
- Rinuccini, Archbishop
- Rowe, Owen
- Royalists
- Rupert, Prince
- Russell, William, Earl of Bedford
- Ruthven, Patrick, Earl of Forth
S
- St John, Oliver
- Sabbatarians
- Say, WIlliam
- Seymour, William, Marquis of Hertford
- Scot, Thomas
- Scrope, Adrian
- Sexby, Edward
- Sidney, Philip, Viscount Lisle
- Simmonds, Martha
- Sindercombe, Miles
- Skippon, Philip
- Slingsby, Sir Henry
- Smith, Henry
- Socinians
- Somerset, Edward, Earl of Glamorgan
- Stanley, James, Earl of Derby
- Stapleton, Sir Philip
- Stapley, Anthony
- Strachan, Archibald
- Strode, William
T
- Taaffe, Theobald, Viscount Taaffe
- Temple, James
- Temple, Peter
- Thurloe, John
- Tichnorne, Sir Henry
- Tichborne, Robert
- Tories, The
- Touchet, James, Earl of Castlehaven
- Tromp, Maarten
V
- Vane, Sir Henry
- Vaughan, Richard, Earl of Carbery
- Venables, Robert
- Venn, John
- Venner, Thomas
- Villiers, George, 1st Duke of Buckingham
- Villiers, George, 2nd Duke of Buckingham
W
- Waite, Thomas
- Waller. Sir Hardress
- Waller, Sir William
- Wallop, Robert
- Walton, Valentine
- Walwyn, WIlliam
- Wentworth, Sir Thomas, Earl of Strafford
- Whalley, Edward
- Winstanley, Gerrard
- Wildman, John
- Willoughby of Parham, Lord
- Willys, Sir Richard
- Wilmot, Henry, Lord
- Whig Party, The
- Wogan, Thomas
- Worsley, Charles
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