This page is a perpetual “work-in-progress” and will be updated daily via daily Irish Coin Cabinet posts. In time, it will become a “check-list” for Irish coin collectors, detectorists and anyone looking for basic information + an image on individual Irish “hammered” coins and their major die variations.

To find something quickly on this long page, press the Ctrl key + F – a search box will appear on the bottom left of your screen. Type the word you are looking for and click on the down arrow (to go to that word).

Anglo-Norman

• Henry II

• – issued no Irish coinage in his own name
  • John, as Lord of Ireland, 1185 (First Coinage, Profile Issue)
    • Dublin Mint
      • Halfpenny (ELIS)
    • Uncertain Mint(s)
      • Halfpenny (RAVL BLUNT)
      • Halfpenny (ROGER)
  • John de Courcy, Lord of Ulster & Connacht, 1185 (First Coinage)
    • Downpatrick Mint
      • Halfpenny
        • Farthing

• Richard I (the Lion Heart) 

• – issued no Irish (or English) coinage in his own name

  • John, as Lord of Ireland, 1190-98 (Second Coinage, Dominus / Cross Potent Issue)

    • Dublin Mint 
      • Halfpenny (ADAM)
        • Mascle Farthing (ADAM)
      • Halfpenny (NICOLAS)
        • Mascle Farthing (NICOLAS)
      • Halfpenny (NORMAN)
        • Mascle Farthing (NORMAN)
      • Halfpenny (ROBERD)
        • Mascle Farthing (ROBERD)
      • Halfpenny (TOMAS)
        • Mascle Farthing (TOMAS)
      • Halfpenny (TURGOD)
        • Mascle Farthing (TURGOD)
    • Carrickfergus Mint
      • Halfpenny (ROBERD)
        • Mascle Farthing (ROBERD) ?
    • Kilkenny Mint
      • Halfpenny (ANDREH)
      • Halfpenny (SIMUND)
      • Halfpenny (WALTREX)
    • Limerick
      • Halfpenny (SIWARD)
        • Mascle Farthing (SIWARD)
    • Waterford Mint
      • Halfpenny (DAVI)
      • Halfpenny (GEFREI)
        • Mascle Farthing (GEFREI)
      • Halfpenny (MARCUS)
        • Mascle Farthing (MARCUS)
      • Halfpenny (ROBERT)
      • Halfpenny (WALTER)
        • Mascle Farthing (WALTER)
      • Halfpenny (WILLMUS)

  • John de Courcy, Lord of Ulster, 1195 (Second ‘Anonymous’ Coinage)

    • Carrickfergus Mint
      • Farthing
    • Downpatrick Mint
      • Farthing

  • John, as Lord of Ireland, 1198-99 (Third Coinage, Dominus / Cross Pommée Issue)

    • Dublin Mint
      • Halfpenny (ADAM)
      • Halfpenny (HUGE)
      • Halfpenny (TOMAS)
      • Halfpenny (WILLHEM)
    • Carrickfergus Mint
      • Halfpenny (ROBERD)
    • Downpatrick Mint
      • Halfpenny (THOMAS)
    • Limerick Mint
      • Halfpenny (SIWARD)
    • Waterford Mint
      • Halfpenny (GAIFRI)
      • Halfpenny (WILLELMUS)

• John

  • John, as Lord of Ireland, 1198-120? (Hybrid REX / Cross Pommée Issue)

    • Carrickfergus Mint
      • Halfpenny (SALMO)
      • Halfpenny (THOMAS)

  • The Irish Coinage of King John (REX issue)

    • Dublin Mint
      • Penny (JOHAN) extremely rare moneyer
        • Halfpenny (JOHAN) ?
          • Farthing (JOHAN) ?
      • Penny (ROBERD)
        • Halfpenny (ROBERD)
          • Farthing (ROBERD)
      • Penny (WILLEM)
        • Halfpenny (WILLEM)
          • Farthing (WILLEM)
      • Penny (WILLELM P)
        • Halfpenny (WILLELM P)
          • Farthing (WILLELM P)
    • Limerick Mint
      • Penny (WACE)
        • Halfpenny (WACE)
          • Farthing (WACE)
      • Penny (WILLEM)
        • Halfpenny (WILLEM)
          • Farthing (WILLEM)
    • Waterford Mint
      • Penny (WILLEM)
        • Halfpenny (WILLEM)

• Henry III

  • Group 1
  • Dublin Mint
    • Class 1a – Double triangle, cinquefoil in bottom right-hand corner
      • Moneyer: Davi (David of Enfield)
      • Moneyer: Ricard (Richard Bonaventure)
    • Class 1b – Single triangle, cinquefoil in bottom right-hand corner
      • Moneyer: Davi (David of Enfield)
      • Moneyer: Ricard (Richard Bonaventure)
    • Class 1c – Sexfoil in bottom right-hand corner, small triangle on band of crown
      • Moneyer: Davi (David of Enfield)
      • Moneyer: Ricard (Richard Bonaventure)
    • Class 1d – Sexfoil in bottom right-hand corner, double band on the crown
      • Moneyer: Davi (David of Enfield)
      • Moneyer: Ricard (Richard Bonaventure)
  • Group 2
  • Dublin Mint
    • Class 2a – Small or no shoulders on bust
      • Moneyer: Davi (David of Enfield)
      • Moneyer: Ricard (Richard Bonaventure)
    • Class 2b – Jewelled/ornate crown, cinquefoil in bottom right-hand corner
      • Moneyer: Davi (David of Enfield)
      • Moneyer: Ricard (Richard Bonaventure)
    • Class 2c – Three curls to either or both sides of the face (normally only 2)
      • Moneyer: Davi (David of Enfield)
      • Moneyer: Ricard (Richard Bonaventure)
    • Class 2d – Extra wide shoulders
      • Moneyer: Davi (David of Enfield)
      • Moneyer: Ricard (Richard Bonaventure)

• Edward I

  • 1st Irish Coinage (c. 1276)
    • Distinguishing features:
      • Edward continued to use the ‘long cross’ reverse style of Henry III
      • A trefoil of pellets below the truncation of Edward’s bust
      • one pellet often being hidden in the drapery
      • no symbols before the E of EDW
    • Dublin Mint
      • Penny
  • 2nd Irish Coinage (1280-83)
    • Distinguishing features:
      • New reverse design (cross and pellets) and no moneyer’s name
      • Crowned bust in triangle, trefoil of pellets on breast
      • A pellet before the E of EDW
      • A Roman ‘N’ on the reverse (Dublin coins only)
    • Dublin Mint
      • Penny
        • Class 1a – No ‘punctuation’ in obverse legend
        • Class 1b – Pellet before ‘EDW’ in obverse legend
        • Class 1c – Lombardic ‘n’ in reverse legend
        • Contemporary forgery (blundered reverse legend)
      • Halfpenny
        • Class 1a – No ‘punctuation’ in obverse legend
        • Class 1b – Pellet before ‘EDW’ in obverse legend
        • Class 1c – Lombardic ‘n’ in reverse legend
      • Farthing
        • Class 1a – No ‘punctuation’ in obverse legend
        • Class 1b – Pellet before ‘EDW’ in obverse legend
        • Class 1c – Lombardic ‘n’ in reverse legend
    • Waterford Mint
      • Penny
        • Class 1a – no ‘punctuation’ in obverse legend
        • Class 1b – pellet before EDW in obverse legend
      • Halfpenny
      • Farthing
  • 3rd Irish Coinage (1294-1302)
    • Distinguishing features:
      • A trefoil of pellets below the bust
      • A small cross ‘+’ before EDW on the obvers,
      • or a Lombardic ‘N’ in the reverse legend
    • Dublin Mint
      • Penny
      • Halfpenny
  • 4th Irish Coinage (1294)
    • Distinguishing features:
      • A rose on breast of the king (in place of trefoil in earlier issues)
    • Dublin Mint
      • Penny
        • Type I –
        • Type II – Small lettering on reverse
      • Halfpenny
    • Waterford Mint
      • Penny
      • Halfpenny
  • 5th Irish Coinage (1295)
    • Distinguishing features:
      • One pellet all three angles of the obverse triangle
    • Dublin Mint
      • Penny
        • Type I –
        • Type II –
        • Type III – Spread crown, crosses as ornaments
      • Halfpenny
    • Cork Mint
      • Penny
      • Halfpenny
      • Farthings (none found yet)
  • 6th Irish Coinage (1300)
    • Distinguishing features:
      • A single pellet below bust but not in the other angles of triangle
    • Dublin Mint
      • Penny
      • Halfpenny
      • Farthing

• Edward II 

• – issued no Irish coinage in his own name

• Edward III

  • Dublin Mint
    • Penny – probably issued but no specimens found
    • Halfpenny
    • Farthing

• Richard II 

• – issued no Irish coinage in his own name
  • Monetary Crisis in 1369 / Richard II orders his colonists in Ireland to search for new sources of silver and gold

• Henry IV 

• – issued no Irish coinage in his own name
  • Monetary Crisis / Coinage in Ireland is valued at a premium over its original face value

• Henry V 

• – issued no Irish coinage in his own name

• Henry VI (First Reign, 1422-61)

  • Dublin Mint
    • Penny
  • O’Reilly Money (contemporary counterfeits)

• Edward IV (First Reign, 1461-70)

Edward IV (28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was the King of England from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 1470, and again from 11 April 1471 until his death. He was the first Yorkist King of England. Before becoming king, he was Duke of York, Earl of March, Earl of Cambridge and Earl of Ulster. His Irish coinage comprised 4 different issues and what has been explained by Irish numismatists as ‘rogue’ issues from mints of Cork and/or Wexford.

• First ‘Anonymous’ Issue (1460-1462)
  • Groat (c. 45g) – all minted in Dublin
    • Large crown within tressure of nine arches
    • Large crown within tressure of nine arches, with crosses in top angles of tressure
    • Similar, but 8 arcs to tressure, small sun in each angle
    • Similar, but arcs of tressure fleured, with suns or rosettes in angles
    • Large rosette in each angle of tressure
  • Light Groat (c. 35g) – Dublin Mint
    • Large crown within tressure of nine arches
  • Penny – all minted in Dublin, unless otherwise stated
    • Large crown within tressure of nine arches
      • Similar, but with Crosses in top angle of tressures
      • Similar, but with Saltire below Crown
      • Similar, but with additional annulets on reverse (rare)
    • Large crown within tressure of 8 arches
    • Large crown, no tressure
    • Crown within tressure of fleured arcs (Waterford Mint)
  • Halfpenny
    • Crown within tressure of 7 arcs, pellets in angles (Dublin Mint)
  • Copper Half Farthing (Patrick)
• Titled Crown Issue (1463-64)
  • Groat
    • King’s name & titles, large crown in tressure, annulets in spandrels, mm: rose (Dublin)
    • King’s name & titles, large crown in tressure, pellets in angles, mm: cross (Waterford)
    • King’s name & titles, large crown in tressure, annulets in angles of tressure, saltires by crown, mm: cross (Waterford)
  • Half-Groat
    • Dublin Mint
    • Waterford Mint
  • Penny
    • Dublin Mint
    • Waterford Mint
• Heavy Portrait / Cross & Pellets Issue (1465-66)
  • Groat
    • Crowned head, large rosettes by neck (Cork Mint)
    • Crowned head, nothing below (Dublin Mint)
    • Crowned head, three pellets below within tressure (Dublin Mint)
    • Crowned head, nothing below (Drogheda Mint)
  • Half-Groat
    • Dublin Mint
    • Trim Mint
    • Crowned head, three pellets below within tressure (Waterford Mint)
  • Penny
    • Dublin Mint
    • Drogheda Mint
    • Galway Mint
    • Limerick Mint
    • Trim Mint
    • Waterford Mint
  • Halfpenny
    • Dublin Mint
• Doubles Issue (1467)
  • Double Groat
    • Dublin Mint
    • Drogheda Mint
    • Trim Mint
  • Groat
    • Dublin Mint
    • Drogheda Mint
    • Trim Mint
  • Half-Groat
    • Dublin Mint
    • Drogheda Mint
    • Trim Mint
  • Penny
    • Dublin Mint
    • Drogheda Mint
  • Halfpenny
    • Dublin Mint (reported, but not confirmed?)
• Rogue Mint issues (1467-75)
  • c.1470 (Cork Mint)
    • Cork groat, HENRIC’ over EDWARDVS (unique)
  • ? (Wexford Mint)

• Henry VI (Second Reign, 1470-71)

  • – issued no Irish coinage during his ‘brief’ second reign

• Edward IV (Second Reign, 1471-83)

From an Irish numismatic perspective, Edward IV’s second reign was a constant monetary policy battle between his own administration (who wanted good silver for tax payments, his Norman lords (who wanted a poorer quality coinage, so it would disappear across the water into the king’s coffers, and the new merchant classes (who wanted a better coinage, so they could trade internationally). These conflicting monetary policies produced no less than six different coinages in just two decades.  

• Light Portrait, Cross & Pellets issue (1470-72)
  • Crowned head, plain breast, cross and pellets with an additional saltire in the first and third quarter (Waterford Mint)
  • ?
• Light Cross & Pellets issue (1472-75)
  • Groat
    • • Dublin Mint – Crowned facing bust, mm. sun, remains of “G” below bust, no marks in tressure
      • Drogheda Mint – Crowned facing bust, mm. pierced cross, nothing by neck, “G” on breast.
      • Limerick Mint – Crowned facing bust, “L” on breast, mm. cross on obverse + rose on reverse, l below bust, cinquefoils by neck and after tas
      • Trim Mint – Crowned facing bust, mm. pierced cross on rev., no letter on breast, pellet either side of central crown fleur
      • Waterford Mint – Crowned facing bust, mm. pierced cross, “G” below bust, no additional symbols
  • Half-Groat
    • Drogheda Mint – Crowned facing bust, no marks by neck
      
  • Penny
    • Dublin Mint – Crowned facing bust, pellets by neck
    • Limerick Mint – Crowned facing bust, cinquefoils by neck
    • Trim Mint – Crowned facing bust
      
• Transitional issues (1475)
  • ?
• Light Cross & Pellets (annulets) issue (1475-78)
  • Groat, Crowned facing bust, L on breast (Limerick Mint)
  • Groat, Crowned facing bust, G on breast (Waterford Mint)
  • Half-Groat ?
  • Penny, Crowned facing bust (Trim Mint) – Rare, only 2 known
• Small Cross on Rose / Sun issue (1478)
  • Groat
    • Small Cross on Rose / Radiant Sun, with tressure of five arcs (Dublin Mint)
  • Penny
    • Small Cross on Rose / Radiant Sun, with pellet-in-annulet at centre (Dublin Mint)
    • Small Cross on Rose / Radiant Sun, with pellet-in-annulet at centre (Drogheda Mint)
  • ?
• Portrait Sun and Rose / Rose on Cross issue (1478-83)
  • Large Rose Penny (Drogheda Mint)
  • ?

• Richard III

  • Roses on Cross (1483)
    • Groat (Drogheda Mint)
    • Penny (Drogheda Mint)
  • Cross & Pellets
    • Penny (Dublin Mint)
    • Penny (Waterford Mint)
  • Three Crowns (1483-85)
    • Groat
      • Dublin Mint / No mint name – rare !
    • Half-Groat – ordered to be minted but none found (yet)
    • Penny – ordered to be minted but none found (yet)
    • Halfpenny – ordered to be minted but none found (yet)
    • Farthing – ordered to be minted but none found (yet)